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THE 


Greatest  Thing 
On  earth 


MBiiiiiiiiiiiiii 
jl.W.W.  PUBLISHING  BURE 

==£    Of     The     INDUSTRIAL     WORKERS     Of     The     WO 

§E§    ■zrr-^rz=-z P  UBLISHEBS    O  V=  . 

C>- SOLIDARITY^ 

=     BOOKS  PAMPHLETS  JOB   PBINT: 


THE  TRIAL  OF  A  NEW  SOCIETY 

By  Justus  Ebert 

This  is  a  fitting  work  to  be  the  first 
book  published  by  the  I.  W.  W. 

In   this  book  Fellow-Worker  Ebert   g 
best   exposition   of   the   constructive   a 
philosophy  of  the  I.  W.  W.  that  has  yet  app 
in  print.    It  is  not  a  work  of  fiction  nor  of  s] 
lation,  but  a  matter-of-fact  practical  treatmer) 
of   recent   phases    of   the   industrial,    social   an 
political   life,   as   revealed   by   the   gieat   textii 
strike  at  Lawrence,  Mass.,  and  the  trials  of  Ettcr 
Giovannitt!  and  Caruso  growing  out  of  same.    • 

Handsome  full  cloth  gold  stamped  Binding,  It 
pages  with  eight  full-page  illustrations.    50c. 


=  Syndicalism   And   The   Co-operative   Con 

5=5  monwealth-(How  we  shall  bring  about  tl 

==  By  Emile  Patau df  Secretary  of  the  Elec'  brs 

=  France  and  Emile  Pouget,  Editor  of  the 

=====  the  General  Confederation  of  Labor  of  Pr 

?— —  is  the  result  of  a  series  of  questions  sent  out  by  the  Ge 

-— —  eral   Confederation   to  all   members   aski  to   gt 

=  their  conception  as  to  how  the  Social  Revolution  is  to 

=  brought  about,  and  also  as  to  the  probable  procedure 

=====  the  reorganization  of  society.     The  authors  have  woven 

sssss  story  out  of  the  returns  from  the  questions  and  prese 

=====  a  story   of  the   Revolution  and   reconstruction   as   havi 

asai  already  occurred.     This  book  is  the  best  yet,  as  it  is  ? 

— —  to-date,    using   as    a    basis    organization    and    the    genf 

=s  Strike  as  the  instrument  of  the  Revolution. 

English  edition,  illustrated,  240  pages,  paper,  75c 

inn 


X 


THE  I.  W.  W.  PREAMBLE1. 


The  working  class  and  the  employing  class  have  noth- 
ing in  common.  There  can  be  no  peace  so  long  as  hunger 
and  want  are  found  among  millions  of  working  people, 
and  the  few  who  make  up  the  employing  class  have  all 
the  good  things  of  life. 

Between  these  two  classes  a  struggle  must  go  on  until 
the  workers  of  the  world  organize  as  a  class,  take  posses- 
sion of  the  earth  and  the  machinery  of  production,  and 
abolish  the  wage  system. 

We  find  that  the  centering  of  the  management  of  in- 
dustries into  fewer  and  fewer  hands  makes  the  trade 
unions  unable  to  cope  with  the  ever-growing  power  of 
the  employing  class.  Trfe  trade  unions  foster  a  state  of 
affairs  which  allows  one  set  of  workers  to  be  pitted 
against  another  set  of  workers  in  the  same  industry, 
thereby  helping  to  defeat  one  another  in  wage  wars 
Moreover,  the  trade  unions  aid  the  employing  class  to 
mislead  the  workers  into  the  belief  that  the  working  class 
have  interests  in  common  with  their  employers. 

These  conditions  can  be  changed  and  the  interests  of 
the  working  class  upheld  only  by  an  organization  formed 
in  such  a  way  that  all  its  members  in  any  one  industry, 
or  in  all  industries  if  necessary,  cease  work  whenever  a 
strike  or  lockout  is  on  in  any  department  thereof,  thus 
making  an  injury  to  one  an  injury  to  all. 

Instead  of  the  conservative  motto:  "A  fair  day's 
wages  for  a  fair  day's  work,"  we  must  inscribe  on  our 
banner  the  revolutionary  watchword :  "Abolition  of  the 
wage  system." 

It  is  the  historic  mission  of  the  working  class  to  do 
away  with  Capitalism.  The  army  of  production  must  be 
organized,  not  only  for  the  every-day  struggle  with  capi- 
talism, but  also  to  carry  on  production  when  capitalism 
shall  have  been  overthrown.  By  organizing  industrially 
we  are  forming  the  structure  of  the  new  society  within 
the  shell  of  the  old.    jyj^j  ^&(  |()Q 


One  Big  Union 


Social  relations  are  the  reflex  of  the  grouping  of 
industrial  possessions.  The  owners  of  all  resources 
and  means  of  wealth  form  a  class  of  their  own ;  the 
owners  of  labor  power  as  their  only  possession  in  the 
market,  another.  Political,  judicial,  educational  and 
other  institutions  are  only  the  mirror  of  the  prevailing 
system  of  ownership  in  the  resources  and  means  of  pro- 
duction. 

One  class  owns  and  controls  the  necessaries,  to-wit  : 
the  economic  resources  of  the  world.  That  class,  for 
its  own  protection  and  perpetuation  in  power,  subjects 
all  other  institutions  to  their  prevailing  class  interests. 
Conversely,  there  is  a  class  that  strives  to  change  the 
foundation  of  the  industrial  arrangement.  The  workers 
realize  that  immediately  following  the  change  these  so- 
cial relations  will  also  be  shifted;  institutions  deriving 
their  support  and  sustenance  from  the  class  in  power  will 
be  made  to  conform  to  new  conditions  after  the  over- 
throw of  the  previously  existing  industrial  system. 

Social  structures  collapse  as  a  result  of  ever  recurring 
changes  in  their  economic  foundation.  But  the  new 
structure  is  not  a  ready-made  product  of  each  of  the 
epochs  of  reconstruction.  An  historic  process  of  evolu- 
tion reaches  a  climax  in  a  revolutionary  upheaval. 
Achievements  of  preceding  epochs  are  always  utilized  in 
the  constructive  work  of  a  never-resting,  always  advanc- 
ing civilization. 

Decaying  elements  render  nourishment  to  Mother 
Earth  for  the  generation  of  new  species  and  structures. 
Nothing  is  lost  in  the  reciprocal  process  of  nature.  Pre- 
cisely so  in  social  systems.     Achievements  of  social  and 


ONE    BIG    UNION  3 

industrial  evolutions  are  always  preserved  after  a  revolu- 
tionary climax  removes  all  obstacles  to  further  develop- 
ments. Only  the  class  previously  dominating  the  policies 
and  actions  of  the  social  institutions  is  supplanted  by  the 
revolutionary  change ;  one  form  of  ownership  in .  the 
means  of  life  is  shifted  to  another  class. 

Capitalist  ownership  of  industries  had  its  origin  in  the 
unfolding  of  conditions  which  hastened  the  downfall  of 
the  feudal  age,  and  the  advent  of  another  class  to  power. 

Co-operative  control  of  industries  by  all  engaged 
in  the  process  of  production  must  build  its  foundation 
on  the  highly  perfected  form  and  methods  of  produc- 
tion, and  upon  the  conditions  which  accelerate  the  pass- 
ing away  of  the  capitalist  system  of  ownership  in  the 
instruments  of  production  and  distribution. 

The  feudal  lords  had  to  surrender  their  sceptre  to 
the  ascending  bourgeoisie,  better  known  today  as  the 
capitalist  class.  The  latter,  at  the  outset,  had  in  view 
only  the  free  development  of  all  forces  of  production, 
in  an  era  of  unrestricted  competition  between  individuals. 
When,  over  a  century  ago,  the  change  was  consum- 
mated by  revolutions,  the  instruments  of  production 
were  more  equally  distributed.  They  were  in  posses- 
sion of  a  multitude  of  the  victorious  capitalists,  who 
owned  small  enterprises.  Most  people  would  expect 
that  in  such  a  competitive  system  as  was  then  estab- 
lished, every  one  would  have  a  chance  to  rise  to  a  su- 
perior station  in  life.  The  instruments  of  production 
were  not  highly  developed.  Handicraft  in  the  operation 
of  small  machines,  or  in  the  use  of  tools,  still  predom- 
inated. Small  capital  only  was  required  in  starting  the 
manufacture  of  things  for  small  margins  of  profits. 

This  epoch,  beginning  with  the  revolution  of  the 
"Third  Estate"  in  France,  found  its  counterpart  in 
the  revolution  of  the  American  people  against*  Brit- 
ish semi-feudalistic  rule.  Since  then  the  forms,  meth- 
ods and  yield  of  production  have  rapidly  developed  in 
one   direction,   in   every   industrially  advanced   country.. 


4  ONE    BIG    UNION 

The  means  of  production  were  centralized  ever  more 
in  fewer  and  fewer  hands.  With  the  centralization  of 
the  means  of  production  and  distribution,  the  agencies 
protecting  the  interests  in  power  also  grew  proportion- 
ately. Gradually  all  elements  that  obscured  the  lines 
of  cleavage  between  the  producers  of  wealth  and  the 
class  that  expropriated  all  economic  resources  of  the 
world  are  eliminated. 

The  manufacturers  of  yore  exist  only  in  small  com- 
munities. They  depend,  however,  more  or  less  on  the 
good  will  of  those  who  permit  them  to  exist  by  sup- 
plying them  with  the  raw  products  for  production,  or 
those  who  own  the  transportation  facilities  by  which 
the  products  are  transported  into  the  markets. 

In  this  process  of  transformation  other  things  can 
be  observed.  Social  relations  are  shifting  with  the  change 
in  the  forms  and  in  the  ownership  of  the  means  of 
production.  Social  strata  are  fiercely  struggling  for  their 
conservation,  in  vain.  There  is  no  escape  from  the 
irretrievable  result  of  these  rapid  changes  in  industrial 
possessions  and  arrangements. 
^  The  howls  of  freaks,  the  frantic  appeals  and  clamors 
of  reformers  will  not  in  the  least  affect  the  course  of 
events.  The  destructive  battles  of  trades  unions,  di- 
vided up  in  factions  and  sections  that  find  their  tra- 
ditional base  in  the  middle  ages,  will  not  turn  back 
the  wheel  that  rolls  on  with  irresistible  force. 

The  outcry,  so  often  heard  before,  redounds  in 
vociferous  strength  again:  A  revolution!  "A  revo- 
lution is  needed  to  change  these  conditions/'  It  is 
a  cry  of  despondency.  Not  only  heard  from  Socialists. 
They  at  least  propose  some  way  of  consummating  their 
program  of  a  revolution.  But  the  middle-class  is 
more  frantic  in  its  wailings  of  despair.  In  their 
band  wagon  they  are  lining  up  a  large  following  of 
workers.  Millions  are  made  to  believe  that  an  im- 
pending struggle  against  predatory  wealth  will  have  as 
.object    the    restoration    of    by-gone    conditions,    or    the 


ONE    BIG    UNION  5 

enforcement  of  restrictive  measures  for  curbing  further 
concentration  of  industries. 

But  the  workers  are  not,  and  should  not  be  con- 
cerned in  the  hopeless  struggles  of  a  decaying  element 
of  society.  They  have  an  historic  mission  to  perform, 
a  mission  that  they  will  carry  out  despite  the  promises 
held  out  to  them  that  a  restoration  of  past  conditions 
would  accrue  to  their  benefit  also. 

They  begin  to  realize  that  in  the  constructive  work 
for  the  future  they  have  to  learn  the  facts  of  past 
evolutions  and  revolutions.  And  from  these  facts  ex- 
pressed in  theories  they  find  the  guide  for  the  course 
that  they  have  to  pursue  in  their  struggle  for  the  pos- 
sessions of  the  earth,  and  the  goods  that  they  alone 
have  created.  That  growing  portion  of  the  working 
class  are  building  on  the  rockbed  of  historic  facts,  and 
the  structure  to  be  erected  follows  the  plan  that 

"It  is  the  historic  mission  of  the  working  class  to 
do  away  with  capitalism" — "the  army  of  production 
must  be  organized.  By  organizing  industrially  the 
workers  are  forming  the  structure  of  the  new  society 
within  the  shell  of  the  old." 

Some  definite  conclusion  must  be  drawn  from  the 
previously  established  premises.  It  is  the  heritage  of 
the  working  class  to  utilize  to  the  fullest  extent  the 
great  achievements  of  the  preceding  and  existing  proc- 
esses and  methods  of  production,  for  the  benefit  of  all 
useful  members  of  society. 

In  its  advent  to  power  and  supremacy  the  present 
economic  master  class  succeeded  another  that  decayed 
in  the  process  of  evolution.  This  mastery  of  the  pres- 
ent owners  of  the  economic  resources  will,  also  give 
way  and  pave  the  way  for  successors.  The  workers, 
conscious  of  their  mission,  must  recognize  the  fact^that 
the  industries  are  developing  to  the  highest  state  of 
perfection,  and  will  be  ready  for  operation  under  a 
new    arrangement    of    things,    namely    after    the    class 


6  ONE    BIG    UNION 

now  in  possession  and  control  of  them  have  gone  the 
way  of  decay  under  the  pressure  of  the  advancing 
force  of  a  new  civilization.  But  it  is  imperative  to 
arrange  the  human  forces  of  production  for  the  opera- 
tion of  the  vast  resources  and  implements  of  pro- 
duction under  a  system  wherein  commodities  will  be 
made  for  use  alone.  To  build  and  to  arrange  cor- 
rectly, and  for  lasting  purposes,  the  constructors  of 
a  further  developed  industrial  structure  must  possess 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  material,  and  of  organi- 
zations destined  to  accomplish  the  task.  The  archi- 
tects must  know  the  proper  grouping  of  each  com- 
ponent part  and  cell  in  the  composition  of  industrial 
combinations,  so  that,,  when  harmony  in  the  indus- 
trial relationship  of  mankind  is  established,  it  will  be 
reflected  in  the  harmonious  social,  political,  judicial,  and 
ethical  institutions  of  a  new  age. 

We  repeat:  Industrial  and  social  systems  are  not 
ready-made  products.  In  their  changes  from  one 
stage  to  another  they  derive  their  propelling  forces 
from  the  achievements  and  accomplishments  of  each 
preceding  epoch.  In  its  onward  course  to  a  further 
advanced  system,  society  is  going  to  utilize  all  that 
present  day  society  has  evolved  and  constructed.  This 
the  workers  must  know,  and  then  they  will  also  learn 
the  intricate,  interdependent  arrangements  of  the  com- 
ponent parts  of  the  whole  industrial  system.  Equip- 
ped with  this  knowledge,  they  will  be  able  to  con- 
struct and  form  their  own  industrial  organizations,  the 
frame-structure  of  the  new  society,  accordingly.  By 
learning  the  social  relations  and  understanding  their 
source,  they  can  profit  and  prepare  to  change  the  in- 
dustrial structure  of  society,  which  as  a  matter  of 
course,  will  determine  also  the  changes  in  the  social 
and  political  character  of  the  system  which  is  bound 
to  be  inaugurated.  And  this  is  the  problem.  The 
working  class,  as  the  promoter  and  supporter  of  a 
higher   standard   of    social    relations   and    interrelations, 


ONE    BIG    UNION  J 

must  be  equipped  with  the  knowledge,  must  construct 
the  organizations,  by  which  the  cause  of  social  classes 
can  be  removed.  Industrial  inequality  is  the  source 
of  all  other  inequality  in  human  society.  The  change 
in  the  ownership  of  the  essentials  of  life  will  bring 
automatically,  so  to  say,  the  change  in  the  intercourse 
and  the  associations,  and  also  in  the  institutions  for 
the  promotion  of  these  things,  between  the  human  be- 
ings upon  the  globe. 

Good  will,  revolutionary  will-power,  determination, 
courage  are  valuable  assets  in  the  struggle  for  the  change. 
But  they  are  like  the  water  on  the  millwheels,  uncon- 
scious of  the  great  service  that  they  are  rendering.  To 
convert  force  and  power  into  useful  operation  requires 
intelligence.  And  that  intelligence  must  guide  us  to 
use  the  accumulated  force  for  a  defined  purpose.  That 
purpose,  as  it  seems  to  be  agreed,  is  to  form  a  new 
social,  or  rather,  industrial  structure  within  the  shell 
of  the  old.  To  accomplish  this  the  advocates,  the  mili- 
tants for  the  new,  must  know  to  what  extent  the  pres- 
ent factors  in  industrial  development  have  organized  and 
systematized  industrial  production.  When  this  is  fully 
understood,  this  may  also  explain  the  subsequent  domina- 
tion of  industrial  possession  over  the  political,  social  and 
other  agencies  in  present  day  and  previously  existing 
societies. 

The  workers  of  the  world,  conscious  of  their  his- 
toric mission,  will  learn  to  avoid  the  mistakes  they 
would  make  should  they  depend  on  other  forces  than 
their  own  for  the  solution  of  the  world's  problem. 
Agencies  and  institutions  deriving  their  lease  of  ex- 
istence from  the  industrial  masters  of  today  can  not 
be  looked  to  for  support.  They  may  feign  being  in 
favor  of  radical  changes  in  the  effects — they  will,  how- 
ever, strenuously  and  violently  oppose  any  attempt  at 
destroying  the  base,  or  the  cause. 

The  working  class  alone  is  interested  in  the  re- 
moval   of    industrial   inequality,    and    that    can    only   be 


o  ONE  BIG  UNION 

accomplished  by  a  revolution  of  the  industrial  system. 
The  workers,  in  their  collectivity,  must  take  over  and 
operate  all  the  essential  industrial  institutions,  the  means 
of  production  and  distribution,  for  the  well-being  'of 
all  the  human  elements  comprising  the  international 
nation  of  wealth-producers. 

No  destruction,  no  waste,  no  return  into  barbar- 
ism !  A  higher  plan  of  civilization  is  to  be  achieved. 
When  the  workers  understand  how  the  industrial  sys- 
tem of  today  has  developed,  how  one  industrial  pur- 
suit dovetails  into  another,  and  all  comprise  an  insep- 
arable whole,  they  will  not  wantonly  destroy  what  gen- 
erations of  industrial  and  social  forces  have  brought 
forth.  The  workers  will  utilize  the  knowledge  of  ages 
to  build  and  to  plant  on  a  solid  rockbed  the  founda- 
tion of  a  new  industrial  and  social  system. 

The  foundation  must  be  firm  and  solid.  The  rev- 
olutionary climax,  after  an  incessant .  course  of  evo- 
lutionary processes  by  which  forms  and  methods  un- 
dergo changes,  will  eliminate  forever  the  cause  for 
the  industrial  division  of  society  into  two  hostile  camps. 
Harmonious  relations  of  mankind  in  all  their  material 
affairs  will  evolve  out  of  the  change  in  the  control  and- 
ownership  in  industrial  resources  of  the  world. 

That  accomplished,  the  men  and  women,  all  members 
of  society  in  equal  enjoyment  of  all  the  good  things 
and  comforts  of  life,  will  be  the  arbiters  of  their  own 
destinies  in  a  free  society. 

We  present,  with  this  introduction,  to  all  our  com- 
rades in  battle  and  strife,  a  portrait  of  industrial  com- 
binations. 


Analysis  of  the  Arrangement  of  In- 
dustries 


The  Chart  Explained  in  Detail. 

The  main  object  of  this  explanation  to  the  chart  is 
to  show  how  industries  are  grouped  together  in  a  sci- 
.  entific  order. 

Production  begins  with  the  exploitation  of  the  nat- 
ural resources  of  the  earth.  Labor  is  applied  to  extract 
the  material  that  nature  has  stored  up  or  generated. 
Production  continues  with  the  transportation  of  these 
products,  mostly  raw  material,  or  fuel-matter,  to  the 
centers  of  manufacture  and  commerce.  The  construc- 
tion of  places  of  shelter  for  a  man  and  things,  the  build- 
ing of  agencies  of  communication,  are  functions  of 
another,  industrial  branch  of  the  system.  We  observe, 
finally,  how  the  care-taking,  the  education,  the  provid- 
ing for  public  convenience,  fall  to  the  functions  of  an- 
other department  in  the  interdependent  processes  of  in- 
dustrial life. 

In  presenting  this  plan  of  organization  of  indus- 
tries, as  it  exists  today,  we  have  in  mind  only  the  ob- 
ject before  explained.  The  workers,  forced  by  capi- 
talist ownership  of  the  means  of  production  to  do  serv- 
ice in  all  these  industries,  must  organize  themselves 
in  their  proper  places  in  the  industries  in  which  they 
are  engaged.  Every  worker  who  studies  this  map  will 
find  where  he  will  fit  in  when  the  industries  are  organized 
for  the  control  of  the  workers  through  industrial  or- 
ganization. 

Of  course,  it  is  the  ultimate  purpose  of  this  ar- 
rangement that  every  worker    shall    have    equal    rights, 


10  ONE    BIG    UNION 

and  equal  duties  also,  with  all  others  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  industry  in  which  he  or  she  serves  in  the 
process  of  production. 

But  the  other  purpose,  equally  important,  is  to  or- 
ganize the  zvorkers  in  such  a  .way  that  all  the  mem- 
bers of  the  organization  in  any  one  industry,  or  in  all 
industries  if  necessary,  cease  work  whenever  a  strike 
or  lockout  is  on  in  any  department  thereof,  thus  mak- 
ing the  injury  to  one  the  injury  to  all. 

Of  course,  this  can  only  be  accomplished  when  the 
workers  organize  on  industrial  lines.  That  is  to  say, 
the  workers  of  any  one  plant  or  industry  must  be 
'  members  of  one  and  the  same  organization — no  craft 
division  lines.  The  capitalist  institutions  are  today 
organized  on  exactly  the  same  lines.  The  industries 
as  they  are  grouped  today,  dovetailing  into  each  other, 
furnish  to  the  workers  the  basis  for  the  construction 
of  their  organization  for  the  struggles  of  today  for 
better  living  conditions,  and  for  the  supervision  and 
the  management  of  industries  in  an  industrial  com- 
monwealth of  workers  and  producers. 

DISTRIBUTION   OF   PRODUCTS   IS   PART   OF 
PRODUCTION. 

All  natural  resources  of  the  soil,  mines  and  water 
receive  their  first  value  when  labor  is  applied  to  turn 
the  products  into  useful  things. 

But  all  of  these  products  have  more  social  value 
when  they  are  transported  to  places  of  manufacture 
and  commerce,  where  they  are  transformed  and  con- 
verted into  commodities  for  exchange. 

The  life  of  human  beings  will  not  consist  of  com- 
mon drudgery  alone  when  all  the  good  things  created  are 
enjoyed  by  the  workers. 

For  all  purposes,  present  and  the  future,  the  func- 
tions of  the  public  service  institutions  have  to  be  de- 
fined,   and   people   engaged    in   their   maintenance   must 


ONE    BIG    UNION  II 

be  given  a  place  in  the  industrial  organization;  the 
same  as  those  who  take  care  of  the  sick  and  disabled. 
Those  who  render  other  social  and  public  service  should 
know  they  are  engaged  in  useful  occupation,  although 
most  of  the  institutions  in  which  they  serve  today  are 
prostituted  for  the  protection  of  capitalist  interests. 

For  all  functions  combined,  the  industries  are  ar- 
ranged on  the  general  plan  presented  on  the  map,  as  fol- 
lows : 

i.  The  Department  of  Agriculture,  Land,  Fisheries 
and  Water  Products. 

2.  The  Department  of  Mining. 

3.  The  Department  of  Transportation  and  Com- 
munication. 

4.  The  Department  of  Manufacture  and  General 
Production. 

5.  The  Department  of  Construction. 

6.  The  Department  of  Public  Service. 

The  departments  again  have  their  subdivisions.  As 
it  is  proposed  that  the  workers  organize  in  accordance 
with  the  industries  in  which  they  are  engaged  in  serv- 
ice, it  is  essential  that  a  general  term  be  applied.  This 
will  make  it  easier  to  understand  that  each  of  these  in- 
dustrial subdivisions  constitutes  for  itself  a  sub-organi- 
zation of  workers,  in  which  they  will  be  able  to  govern 
affairs  that  appertain  to  that  industry  alone. 

Each  of  these  subdivisions  would  comprise  the 
workers  organized  in  an  Industrial  Union,  which, 
however  would  not  be  separate  and  distinct  from  all 
others,  as  the  term  "division''  would  imply.  (We  have 
looked  in  vain  for  an  expression  that  would  convey 
the  proper  meaning.) 

It  is  impossible,  at  this  stage,  to  eliminate  entirely 
the  terms  now  used  to  designate  certain  functions  that 
sets  of  workers  perform  in  each  industry.  But  it  should 
be  distinctly  understood  that  this  is  not  to  imply  that 
these  craft-groups  in  industries  will  organize,  as  has 
been   the  case   heretofore,   in   separate   craft-unions,   or 


12  ONE    BIG   UNION 

according  to  the  tools  that  each  set  of  workers  use. 
That  would  mean  dividing-up  under  another  name. 
A  worker  in  an  industry  will  be  assigned  to  the  organi- 
zation representing  the  product  or  products  of  that  in- 
dustry. Each  sub-branch  of  the  general  industrial  union 
is  modeled  accordingly. 

When  the  workers  engaged  in  a  particular  indus- 
trial production  organize  industrially,  all  are  subject  to 
the  same  rules  governing  the  affairs  of  each  industry. 
But  certain  fundamental  rules  and  principles  govern- 
ing all  component  parts  of  the  "one  big  union  of  work- 
ers'' cannot  be  infringed  upon  by  any  of  its  component 
parts  without  doing  injury  to  the  whole  organic  body. 

Still  another  point  to  be  made  clear:  The  process 
of  production  does  not  cease  until  the  finished  product 
reaches  the  consumer.  All  zvorkers  engaged  in  the 
process  of  distribution  are  members  of  the  same  indus- 
trial union,  or  Department  Organization  in  which  the 
makers  of  the  commodity  are  organized. 

Of  .course,  the  railroad  and  water-transportation 
workers  will  be  in  the  Transportation  Department,  al- 
though it  might  be  said  that  they  also  are  engaged  in 
the  process  of  distribution.  But  here  is  the  difference. 
They  only  transport  goods  to  other  localities  or  coun- 
tries, and  the  real  distribution  process  for  use  and  con- 
sumption takes  place  after  finished  commodities  have 
reached  the  merchant. 

For  instance :  A  salesman  or  clerk  in  a  shoe  store 
would  be  a  member  of  the  organization,  or  a  branch 
thereof,  in  which  are  organized  all  workers  engaged 
in  the  shoe  industry.  A  teamster  delivering  meats,  or 
other  goods  from  a  grocery,  would  be  in  the  organi- 
zation in  which  all  the  foodstuff  workers  of  that  par- 
ticular branch  are  organized.  But  a  truck  driver,  who 
may  haul  a  big  shipment  of  boxes  containing  garments 
from  one  depot  to  another,  and  on  his  next  trip  between 
depots,  will  haul  a  load  of  nails  for  further  transportation 
or  distribution,  performs  the  work  of  a  transport  work- 


ONE   BIG   UNION  13 

er,  and  as  such  organizers  in  the  union  of  that  industry. 
\Yith  these  necessary  explanations,  suggestive  of  a 
better  understanding  of  the  plan  of  organization,  one 
will  far  better  be  able  to  see  how  industries  are  grouped 
on  the  chart. 

I. 

DEPARTMENT     OF     AGRICULTURE,     LAND, 

FISHERIES   AND  WATER  PRODUCTS. 

Four  subdivisions  comprise  this  department: 
A.     General  and  Stock  Farming. 

This  subdivision  comprises  all  workers  employed 
in  general  and  stock  farming.  1.  In  grain  and  vege- 
tables: All  farm  workers,  in  plowing,  planting,  reap- 
ing, and  fertilizing  operations — which  would,  of  cou 
include  all  engineers,  firemen,  blacksmiths,  repairwork- 
ers.  carpenters,  etc.,  working  on  farms  and  engaged 
in  farm-product  work.  All  workers  on  cotton  and 
sugar  plantations  would  come  into  this  group,  also  all 
irrigation- workers,  that  is.  all  working  at  the  operation 
of  irrigation-systems  as  engineers,  pumpmen,  lockmen. 
pipe  and  repairmen,  etc.  2.  On  cattle  and  live  stock 
farms:  Ranchmen,  herders,  sheep  shearers,  general 
utility  men,  all  workers  on  fowl  and  bird  farms ;  on 
dairy  farms,  etc. 

B.    Horticulture. 

This  subdivision  comprises  all  workers  on  fruit  farms, 
flower  gardens,  tea  and  coffee  plantations,  orchards, 
tobacco  farms — all  workers  engaged  in  the  cultivation 
of  silk,  in  vineyards,  truck  farms — workers  in  hot- 
houses; fruit  pickers,  boxmakers  and  packers,  etc. 

C.    Forestry  and  Lumbering. 

In  this  subdivision  are  associated  together  all  work- 
ers in  forests;  rangers,  fort  me  wardens,  wood- 


14  *  ONE    BIG    UNION 

choppers  and  lumberworkers ;  all  workers  in  the  saw 
and  shingle  mills  adjacent  to  forests,  preparing  wood  for 
shipment  for  manufacturing  purposes ;  collectors  of  sap, 
herb,  leaf,  cork  and  bark,  etc. 

D.    Fisheries  and  Water  Products. 

In  this  subdivision  are  organized  all  fishermen  on 
ocean,  lakes  and  rivers ;  oyster  and  clam-bed  keepers — 
in  short,  all  workers  engaged  in  raising,  keeping  and 
catching  of  fish ;  in  the  collection  of  pearls,  sponges  and 
corals,  such  as  divers,  sorters,  etc.,  which  would  include 
all  mechanics  on  fishing  boats  and  steamers,  etc. 

II. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MINING. 

This  department  again  consists  of  four  large  sub- 
divisions : 

A.     Coal  and  Coke  Mining. 

All  coal  miners  comprise  this  industrial  union.  All 
workers  in  bituminous,  anthracite,  lignite  and  other  coal 
mines,  including,  of  course,  mining  engineers,  firemen, 
pumpmen,  blacksmiths,  mine  carpenters,  shotfirers,  break- 
er boys.  All  workers  employed  in  the  production  of  coke, 
all  miners  of  turf,  peat ;  clerks  in  the  offices  of  mines,  and 
also  all  workers  in  the  coal  yards  at  the  places  of  dis- 
tribution, such  as  teamsters,  shovelers,  derrick-workers, 
weighers,  etc. 

B.    Oil,  Gas  and  By-Products. 

The  workers  in  this  subdivision  also  organize  to 
manage  the  affairs  of  this  part  of  the  mining  industry, 
that  is,  all  workers  employed  in  the  natural  gas  and  oil 
fields,  shaft  sinkers,  pipemen,  pumpmen,  tankmen, 
gaugers,  and  also  all  workers  in  the  oil  distribution 
places,  as  fillers,  coopers,  teamsters,  all  workers  in  the 
oil-refining  plants,  as  well  as  oil  by-product  institutions. 


one  big  un Jon  15 

C.     Metal  Mining. 

This  subdivision  embraces  all  workers  employed  in 
the  mining  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  zinc,  lead,  tin,  plati- 
num, iron  ore,  etc.,  and  in  it  are  also  organized  all 
workers  in  the  smelters,  including  the  workers  in  the 
repair  and  mechanical  departments,  such  as  repairers, 
carpenters,  machinists,  ropemen,  teamsters  in  the  main 
and  subsidiary  enterprises,  and  also  waiters,  cooks  in 
small  mining  camps. 

D.     Salt,  Sulphur,  Mineral,  Stone  and  Gem  Mining. 

In  this  fourth  subdivision  of  the  mining  department 
organization  are  brought  together  all  workers  employed 
in  the  mining  of  salt,  sulphur,  clay,  borax,  mica, 
bromine,  graphite,  sodas,  gypsum,  asphalt,  limestone, 
sandstone,  whetstone,  marble,  onyx,  slates,  building 
stones,  asbestos,  and  gems  of  all  kinds,  like  diamonds, 
sapphires,  etc. 

It  includes  all  workers  in  the  refineries,  in  the  salines, 
salt  and  soda  dry  works,  quarry  workers,  etc. 

III. 

DEPARTMENT    OF    TRANSPORTATION    AND 

COMMUNICATION. 

Brief  Preface. 

The  process  of  transportation,  different  from  the 
process  of  final  distribution,  comprises  the  act  of  bring- 
ing the  products  of  land,  water,  and  mines  to  the  places 
of  manufacture  and  general  production,  and  to  re-trans- 
port the  partly  finished  goods  either  to  other  places 
at  which  the  process. of  production  is  finished,  or  to 
bring  the  finished  goods  to  the  points  where  the  distri- 
bution to  the  users  or  consumers  takes  place.  This  proc- 
ess also  includes  the  transport  of  human  beings  to  and 
from  one  place  to  another.     As  the  interchange  proc- 


l6  ONE    BIG    UNION 

ess  can  not  always  be  carried  on  by  direct  transportation 
of  people,  the  indirect  method  of  transmitting  commer- 
cial transactions  by  mail  or  by  telegraphy  is  resorted  to. 
All  the  workers  engaged  in  either  of  the  subbranches 
of  that  department  are  organized  together.  But,  for 
expediency,  they  are  grouped  together  in  five  sub- 
divisions, as  parts  of  that  department  organization. 

A.    Long-Distance  Transportation  on  Land. 

This  subdivision  embraces  all  workers  employed  in 
the  long  distance  railroad  service,  such  as  railroad  en- 
gineers, motormen,  firemen,  conductors,  trainmen, 
switchmen,  all  engaged  in  the  supervision  and  main- 
tenance of  the  roads,  railroaci  freight  yard  workers, 
station  tenders,  watchmen,  car  repairers,  railroad  dis- 
patchers and  telegraphers ;  all  workers  in  the  railroad 
repair  shops,  all  clerks  in  the  railroad  offices,  etc.,  etc. 

B.     Marine  Transportation. 

In  this  subdivision  are  all  workers  employed  on 
steamships,  sailing  vessels  and  tugboats,  such  as  sailors 
and  wheelsmen,  engineers,  water  tenders,  oilers,  firemen 
and  coalpassers,  stewards,  waiters,  cooks,  etc.  Also  all 
workers  employed  in  the  loading  and  unloading  of  ves- 
sels, dry  dock  and  repair  workers,  etc.,  etc. 
C.    Municipal  Transportation. 

In  this  subdivision  are  organized  all  workers  in  mu- 
nicipal passenger  transportation  service,  street  car  work- 
ers, all  workers  on  elevated  roads,  or  city  subway  lines, 
including  all  the  workers  in  the  power-producing  plants, 
electricians,  linemen,  car  shop  workers,  also  cab  drivers, 
automobile  drivers,  barn,  stable  and  garage  workers, 
wherever  the  service  is  directly  connected  with  the  mu- 
nicipal transportation  service. 

D.     Air  Navigation. 

This  will  comprise  all  workers  engaged  in  the  serv- 
ice of  air  navigation,  transporting  passengers,  dispatches, 
or  anything  else. 


ONE    BIG   UNION  1 7 

E.    Communication. 

All  workers  in  the  postal  and  commercial  telegraph, 
telephone  and  wireless  service  are  organized  in  this  sub- 
division, such  as  clerks,  carriers,  mail  wagon  teamsters, 
telegraph  and  telephone  operators,  towermen,  linemen, 
including  the  janitors,  cleaners,  etc.,  in  all  stations  and 
houses. 

IV. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MANUFACTURE  AND  GEN- 
ERAL PRODUCTION. 

If  this  department  be  subdivided  in  industrial 
unions  only,  it  would  not  give  justice  to  those  engaged 
in  the  various  industrial  sections  that  make  up  the  com- 
plex organization  embracing  them  all.  The  depart- 
ment comprises  so  many  industries  that  it  is  neces- 
sary to  establish  a  standard  for  their  proper  arrange- 
ment. Each  kind  of  raw  material  transformed  or  con- 
verted into  a  finished  article  for  use,  be  it  either  for 
food,  or  clothing,  for  comfort  or  general  utility  pur- 
poses, for  the  production  of  instruments  for  the  further 
development  of  advanced  producing  methods,  forms 
the  basis  for  a  sub-department  of  production.  Each 
sub-department  again  has  its  sub-divisions.  In  other  de- 
partment organizations  they  are  marked  as  parts  of  the 
same,  while  in  this  arrangement  the  sub-divisions,  or  in- 
dustrial unions,  form  the  component  parts  of  a  sub- 
department. 

The  Department  of  General  Production  is  accord- 
ingly composed  of  the  following  sub-departments : 

a.  Glass  and  pottery  (ceramic  goods). 

b.  Clothing  and  textile. 

c.  Leather  and  substitutes. 

d.  Metal  working  and  machinery  building. 

e.  Woodworking  goods. 

f.  Chemicals.    ' 

g.  Foodstuffs, 
h.     Printing:. 


IS  ONE    BIG   UNION    ^ 

Sub-Department  A. 
Glass  and  Pottery  (Ceramic  Goods). 

i.  All  workers  employed  in  the  making  of  glass 
wares  are  organized  in  the  first  sub-division;  flint  glass, 
green  glass,  window  glass,  plate  glass  workers,  furnace 
workers,  mixers,  blowers,  gatherers,  annealers,  cutters, 
polishers,  etc. 

2.  All  workers  in  potteries,  porcelain  factories, 
china-ware  factories,  including  decorators  and  designers, 
clerks,  salesmen,  teamsters  in  sales  and  distribution 
houses  of  ceramic  goods. 

3.  Those  employed  in  terra  cotta  works,  tile  and 
brick-making  yards. 

Sub-Department  B. 

TEXTILE    AND    CLOTHING    MANUFACTURE. 

This  sub-department  is  composed  of  workers  from 
the  following  industrial  subdivisions : 

1.  All  workers  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
silk,  linen,  cotton,  wool  and  worsted  articles,  as  mule- 
spinners,  loom-fixers,  weavers,  warpers,  carders,  sort- 
ers, clerks  and  stenographers  in  factories  and  retail 
houses,  all  workers  in  dye-houses,  including  chemists, 
inspectors,  also  all  workers  employed  in  the  making 
of  knitting  wares,  passementerie  workers,  wood  silk 
workers,  etc. 

2.  All  those  engaged  in  the  making  of  garments 
and  other  goods  of  silk,  artificial  silk,  linen,  cotton  and 
woolen  fabrics,  such  as  clothing  workers,  workers  in 
collar  and  shirt  factories,  including  all  salesmen,  clerks, 
stenographers  in  distribution  places  (dry  goods  stores). 

3.  All  workers  employed  in  establishments  where 
wearing  apparel  is  made  of  fur,  ,felt,  straw,  etc.,  as 
furriers,  glove  makers,  hatmakers,  straw  hat  makers, 
millinery  workers. 


ONE    BIG    UNION  19 

Sub-Department  C. 

MANUFACTURE    OF   LEATHER   GOODS   AND 

SUBSTITUTES. 

This  sub-department  is  composed  of  workers  or- 
ganized in  three  sub-divisions : 

1.  All  workers  employed  in  tanneries  and  leather 
preparing  houses. 

2.  All  workers  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes 
and  boots,  as  cutters,  lasters,  inseamers,  etc.,  which,  of 
course,  includes  all  clerks  and  stenographers  in  the  offices, 
and  the  clerks  in  shoe  stores  and  distribution  houses  of 
shoes,  teamsters,  engineers,  firemen,  etc.,  working  in 
the  shoe  industry. 

3.  All  workers  in  other  leather  goods,  or  substi- 
tutes of  leather,  such  as  harness  makers,  and  horse 
goods  makers,  workers  in  belt  factories,  etc. 

Sub-Department  D. 

METAL   AND    MACHINERY    MANUFACTURE. 

All  workers  employed  in  making  goods  of  any  kind 
of  metal  are  grouped  together  in  this  sub-department, 
three  subdivisions  joining  together  to  constitute  the  same, 
in  which  are  organized : 

1.  All  workers  in  blast  furnaces,  steel  mills,  roll- 
ing mills,  tin  plate  mills,  wire  mills,  nail  mills,  rail  mills, 
including  all  workers  in  plants  where  by-products  are 
manufactured. 

2.  All  workers  engaged  in  the  building  of  engines 
and  machinery,  such  as  pattern  makers,  core  makers, 
molders  of  iron,  and  other  metals,  machinists,  all  other 
workers  in  all  these  plants,  including  the  workers  in  the 
power  departments  of  such  plants,  machinery  movers 
and  teamsters,  etc. 

3.  All  workers  employed  in  making  of  metal  wares 
and  products  other  than  engines  and  machines,  of  dif- 


20  ONE    BIG    UNION 

ferent  metals,  such  as  workers  in  watch  factories,  knife 
and  saw  factories,  in  the  making  of  jewelry  goods,  and 
utensils,  and  of  instruments ;  silversmiths,  goldsmiths, 
etc. 

Sub-Department  E. 

MANUFACTURE  OF  WOOD  ARTICLES. 

This  sub-department  consists  of  organizations  of 
workers  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  goods  out  of 
wood,  or  principally  wood.  It  would  embrace  all  work- 
ers in  piano  factories,  planing  mills,  furniture  factories, 
hotel  and  bar  fixture  factories ;  all  workers  in  cooperage 
shops,  in  reed  and  rattan  factories,  box  factories,  etc. 
Of  course,  the  workers  of  each  of  these  industries  would 
form  a  branch  organization,  embracing  all  the  workers 
of  one  or  more  plants  in  which  a  given  article  is  manu- 
factured, for  instance,  in  an  industrial  union  of  piano 
workers  would  be  organized  not  only  the  wood  workers, 
but  also  the  metal  workers,  tuners,  polishers,  piano 
movers,  etc.,  employed  in  that  industry. 

Sub-Department  F. 
MANUFACTURE  OF  CHEMICAL  GOODS. 

This  sub-department  comprises  all  workers  em- 
ployed : 

i.  In  the  production  of  paint,  drugs,  rubber,  gutta- 
percha, powder,  dynamite,  melinite,  and  all  explosives; 
inks,  perfumes,  turpentine,  celluloid,  soaps,  etc.,  includ- 
ing chemists  engaged  in  these  pursuits,  all  workers  in 
drug  stores  and  pharmacies,  as  clerks  and  salesmen,  etc. 

2.  All  workers  employed  in  the  making  of  cellulose 
and  paper,  for  printing  and  commercial  purposes. 

Sub-Department  G. 

MANUFACTURE  OF  FOODSTUFFS. 

Made  up  of  five  industrial  subdivisions,  this  sub- 
department   is    composed    of    workers    engaged:     I.    In 


ONE    BIG    UNION  21 

the  production  of  foodstuffs  made  of  grain  and  cereals. 
II.  In  the  production  of  foodstuffs  made  of  animal  mat- 
ter. III.  In  the  production  of  liquids  for  consumption. 
IV.  In  the  production  of  narcotics.  V.  In  the  distribu- 
tion of  foodstuffs.  As  the  process  of  production  is  not 
finished  until  the  goods  are  put  to  use  by  the  consumer 
all  workers  in  the  distributing  places,  that  is,  the  workers 
in  hotels,  inns,  restaurants,  saloons,  etc.,  form  organiza- 
tions connected  with  the  foodstuff  sub-department. 

I.  Comprises  all  workers  in  flour  and  cereal  mills, 
in  bakeries,  biscuit  factories,  candy  and  confectionery 
shops,  in  sugar  refineries,  in  fruit  packing  and  canning 
plants,  including,  of  course,  all  engineers,  coopers,  clerks, 
salesmen  and  delivery  teamsters  employed  in  any  of  such 
establishments. 

II.  This  subdivision  comprises  all  workers  em- 
ployed in  meat  packing  houses,  in  all  the  fifty-nine  fac- 
tory departments ;  dairy  and  milk  depot  workers  and 
deliverers,  all  workers  in  fish-packing  nouses. 

III.  In  this  are  organized  all  workers  in  wine  and 
whiskey  distilleries,  in  breweries,  malthouses,  vinegar 
factories,  ginger  and  cider  mills,  all  employed  in  yeast 
production,  and  production  of  soda  and  soft  drinks. 
These,  as  all  other  industries,  include  the  workers  in 
the  power-furnishing  departments  of  all  these  plants 
and  the  workers  in  the  delivery  and  distributing  stations, 
also  clerks,  stenographers  in  the  offices,  etc. 

IV.  The  fourth  subdivision  comprises  all  workers 
employed  in  the  manufacture  of  tobacco  goods;  cigar- 
makers,  stogiemakers,  cigarette  makers,  all  other  to- 
bacco factory  workers,  clerks  in  cigar  and  tobacco  stores, 
distributors,  etc. 

V.  In  the  fifth  subdivision  are  organized  all  workers 
in  hotels  and  restaurants  and  saloons,  as  cooks,  waiters, 
bartenders,  bakers  and  butchers  in  hotels,  barbers,  if 
employed  in  the  hotel  service,  chambermaids,  hotel  clerks, 


22  ONE   BIG   UNION 

etc.,  chauffeurs  and  cabdrivers,  if  they  are  in  the  hotel 
service  exclusively. 

Sub-Department  H. 

PRINTING. 

All  workers  in  the  printing  and  lithographing  insti- 
tutions are  organized  in  this  sub-department.  Printers, 
pressmen,  bookbinders,  photo-engravers,  stereotypers, 
lithograph  artists  and  printers,  designers,  editors  of 
newspapers  and  magazines,  proofreaders,  including,  of 
course,  all  machinists,  engineers,  firemen,  electricians, 
janitors  and  clerks  in  the  printing  industry. 

V. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BUIEDING  AND  CON- 
STRUCTION. 

This  department  is  composed  of  three  national  sub- 
divisions : 

A.  All  workers  employed  in  the  erection  and  con- 
struction of  buildings  are  organized  in  this  subdivision : 
Architects,  designers,  excavators,  stonemasons,  brick- 
layers, hodcarriers,  cement  workers,  carpenters  and 
joiners,  electricians,  elevator  constructors,  painters, 
architectural  iron  workers,  plumbers,  building-  material 
teamsters,  etc.  But  these  crafts  are  not  organized  in  craft 
groups,  but  they  form  according  to  the  nature  of  their 
work  branch  organizations  of  the  one  "Building  Con- 
structors Industrial  Union"  in  every  locality. 

B.  In  this  subdivision  are  organized  all  workers 
employed  in  the  construction  of  roads,  tunnels  and 
bridges,  such  as  pavers,  bridgebuilders,  workers  em- 
ployed in  the  building  of  docks,  subways,  in  the  con- 
struction of  irrigation  works,  of  sewers,  of  canals,  etc. 

C.  All  workers  engaged  in  the  construction  of  ships 
and  vessels  are  organized  in  this  subdivision ;  in  the  build- 
ing of  steamers,  launches,  tug  boats,  as  ship  caulkers  and 
carpenters,  iron  ship  builders,  machinists,  boilermakers, 


ONE    BIG    UNION  23 

coppersmiths  and  all  other  branches  of  workers  directly 
engaged  in  this  industry. 

VI. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  SERVICE. 

This  department  is  composed  of  workers  organized 
in  six  national  industrial  unions,  constituting  each  a 
component  part  of  the  department  organization. 

A.  Hospital  and  sanitariums. 

B.  Sanitary  protective  division. 

C.  Educational  institutions. 

D.  Water,  gas  and  electricity  supply  service. 

E.  Amusement  service. 

F.  General  distribution. 

A.  In  this  subdivision  are  organized  all  workers  in 
hospitals  and  health-restoration  resorts,  sanitariums,  etc., 
such  as  physicians,  nurses,  waiters,  cooks,  attendants, 
laundry  workers  in  these  institutions,  etc. 

B.  This  is  constituted  of  workers  employed  in  the 
protection  of  health  and  public  safety,  that  is,  all  workers 
employed  in  the  cleaning  and  caretaking  of  streets,  public 
places  and  parks,  the  street  protection  workers,  all  work- 
ers in  immigration  stations,  house  janitors,  office  building 
workers,  all  workers  employed  in  burial  places,  as 
funeral  teamsters,  embalmers,  grave  diggers,  crematorium 
workers,  etc. 

C.  In  this  subdivision  are  organized  all  workers  in 
public  schools,  and  all  institutions  of  learning,  education 
and  instruction,  such  as  teachers,  lecturers,  librarians, 
including  also  all  workers  keeping  the  institutions  in 
sanitary  and  wholesome  condition,  such  as  school  and 
university  wardens,  janitors,  engineers,  firemen,  etc. 

D.  This  subdivision  is  composed  of  workers  in 
municipal  power  houses,  pumping  stations,  all  workers 
in  plants  supplying  to  communities  power,  gas,  elec- 
tricity, etc. 

E.  All  workers  in  theaters,  amusement  places,  con- 
cert halls  and  gardens,  on  ball  play  grounds,  in  summer- 


24  ONE    BIG    UNION 

resort  and  amusement  places  organize  themselves  into 
this  subdivision,  such  as  actors,  musicians,  stage  workers, 
singers,  ushers,  waiters  in  amusement  places,  etc.,  also 
all  workers  engaged  in  the  making,  production  and  ex- 
hibition of  moving  pictures. 

F.  The  big  department  stores  and  distribution 
houses,  with  thousands  of  workers  employed  in  each, 
have  more  or  less  assumed  the  functions  of  public 
service  institutions.  Not  one  specialized  article,  but  in 
fact  any  and  all  kinds  of  commodities  and  fabrics  are 
going  through  the  process  of  distribution. 

It  would  be  well-nigh  impossible  to  organize  the 
workers  in  that  service  according  to  the  goods  that  they 
handle  in  the  process.  Therefore,  all  the  workers  in  these 
distribution  stores  are  organized  together  into  unions  as 
component  parts  of  the  one  subdivision,  which  in  turn 
is  a  part  of  the  department  organization  of  public  service 
workers. 

Tailors  in  department  stores,  clerks  in  the  shoe  de- 

"  partment  of  a  department  store,  or  any  other  workers, 
irrespective  of  the  place  of  employment,  of  the  tools 
they  use,  are  organized  together ;  stenographers,  clerks. 

1  tailors,  repairers,  freight  handlers,  packers,  department 
store  drivers,  bakers,  candy  makers,  etc.,  in  these  stores, 
all  are  members  of  one  industrial  union. 

CONCLUSION. 

When  now  and  then  advocates  of  a  better  system  of 
society  refer  to  the  new  unionism  they  do  it,  in  most 
cases,^  without  knowing  fully  the  distinction  between  the 
old  kind  of  unionism  and  the  unionism  that  advocates — 
One  Big  Union  for  the  Entire  Working  Class  the  World 
Over!  But,  even  if  the  critics  of  this  plan  of  action 
disagree  with  the  author  of  this  booklet  as  to  the  means 
to  attain  a  desired  end,  they  can  no  longer  plead  that 
there  never  has  been  any  literature  presented  in  which 
the  program  of  the  industrial  unionists  has  been  enun- 
ciated. 


ONE    BIG    UNION  25 

Organize  industrially ;  organize  right !  This  is  the  call 
to  the  downtrodden  heard  all  over  the  world.  In  increas- 
ing numbers  the  proletariat  of  every  country  is  enlighten- 
ing itself  on  the  subject,  and  everywhere  workers  are 
preparing  for  organization  in  which  they  will  find 
the  embodiment  of  their  collective  power  and  the  in- 
strument for  direct  action,  as  occasion  and  conditions 
may  command.  All  countries  of  the  world  are  gov- 
erned, principally,  in  the  interests  of  the  small  class 
controlling  industrial  combinations.  Whenever  the  work- 
ers aimed  heavy  blows  at  these  interests  directly,  that  is, 
when  they  refused  to  serve,  temporarily,  in  the  production 
process  of  these  industries,  the  exploiting  class  all  over 
the  world  burst  out  in  frantic  denunciations  of  the  forces 
that  had  so  little  regard  for  private  property. 

The  industrial  unionists  propose  to  organize  the 
workers  for  more  militant  action  within  present  day 
society,  so  that,  with  every  advance  gained,  the  workers 
will  gain  an  appetite  for  more  and  for  all,  and  will  find 
the  means  to  get  it. 

And  in  all  these  days  of  unrest  and  struggle  the 
industrialists  are  preparing  the  administrative,  the  gov- 
ernment agencies,  for  the  industrial  commonwealth. 
Representatives  elected  by  the  workers,  organized  in 
their  indutrial  organizations,  will  constitute  the  industrial 
parliament  of  the  future,  the  workers'  commune  in 
municipal,  national  and  international  affairs. 

STUDY  THE  CHART. 

Observe  how  commercialism,  the  main  factor  in  the 
development  of  the  capitalist  system  of  production, 
encircles  the  whole  globe  with  the  means  and  tributaries 
at  its  service : 

Transportation  facilities  as  the  messengers  for  the 
exchange  of  products  between  countries  and  continents 
know  no  boundary  lines — land,  water,  air  have  been 
conquered  and  rendered  servants  of  the  monstrous  forces 


26  ONE'BIG    UNION 

behind  the  prevailing  industrial  system  of  production  and 
exchange. 

Industrial  development  has  wiped  out  boundary  lines 
between  sectional  territories, 

National  dividing  lines  disappear  before  the  invincible 
force  of  the  conqueror. 

Continents  so  long  separated  by  landmarks  and  ob- 
stacles of  natural  origin  are  linked  and  joined  together 
by  the  gigantic  weld  of  that  international  carrier  of 
exchange  and  distribution. 

But  the  functions  of  that  agent  of  a  social  system  are 
still  today  confined  to  the  service  of  profit-production 
for  a  few. 

What  still  remains,  in  the  minds  of  mankind,  as  a 
force  for  separate  nationalities,  is  merely  imaginary. 

A  heavy  load  of  traditional  falsehoods,  holding  living 
human  beings  in  a  bondage  of  ignominious,  deep-rooted, 
and  ingeniously  fostered  intellectual,  and  hence  also  in 
industrial,  serfdom  must  disappear;  national  separation 
must  be  swept  aside  by  the  advancing  forces  of  interna- 
tional co-operation,  before  the  highest  and  most  marvel- 
ous stages  of  industrial  development,  social  progress,  and 
perfection  in  the  utilization  of  all  elements  subservant 
to  the  generating  powers  of  mankind,  can  be  achieved, 
and  a  higher  order  of  civilization  be  established. 

THE  SECOND  INTERNATIONAL  LINE. 

Observe  also  how  a  second  transcontinental  line  con- 
nects the  world's  component  parts  into  one  inseparable 
whole.  Science  and  scientific  research  and  discoveries 
are  the  international  agencies  by  which  the  riddles  and 
miracles  of  the  universe,  in  all  their  magnitude,  are 
solved  and  explained.  Institutions  of  learning,  schools 
and  universities  are  linked  together  by  the  uniformity 
of  fundamental  laws  governing  science  and  the  dissem- 
ination of  knowledge  and  discoveries. 

Likewise  are  evils  and  afflictions,  springing  irresistibly 
from  the  same  sources,  suffered  alike  by  all  living  beings 


ONE    BIG   UNION  27 

throughout  the  world.  Remedies  and  means  of  preven- 
tion must,  consequently,  assume  the  character  of  inter- 
national agencies,  deriving  their  support  from  the  neces- 
sity of  eliminating  and  curing  the  evils,  and  of  removing 
the  causes  for  their  existence. 

Hospitals,  as  curing  stations ;  cleaning,  sanitary  and 
protective  agencies,  as  institutions  for  prevention;  the 
supply  stations  of  water,  light,  and  other  means  of  public 
need  are  therefore  joined  together  with  the  institutions 
of  learning  and  with  the  agencies  for  recreation  and 
amusement,  into  one  great  chain  of  international  depend- 
ence, and  are  formed  and  maintained  in  the  pursuit  of 
functions  preventive  as  well  as  beneficial,  as  the 
promoters  and  protectors  of  public  interests  and  universal 
weal. 

FOUR  CARDINAL  FUNCTIONS. 

Observe,  then,  how  in  the  complex  process  of  pro- 
duction of  the  necessities  of  life  four  cardinal  functions 
comprise  the  interlocking  chain  of  industrial  activity, 
through  which  the  resources  of  the  earth  must  run 
before  their  ultimate  use. 

'A.  From  the  soil,  the  woods,  and  the  waters  all 
material  required  for  producing  purposes  is  secured  by 
the  labor  of  the  millions  serving  in  the  social  process  in 
raising  and  procuring  the  raw  products  for  food,  raiment 
and  shelter. 

B.  From  the  bowels  and  the  treasures  of  the  earth 
labor  puts  out  the  material  for  fuel  and  the  essential 
things  which,  after  being  transformed,  comprise  the  im- 
plements and  machinery  of  production  and  distribution. 

C.  With  the  matter  thus  furnished  production  proper 
for  the  providing  of  all  necessary  things  of  life  and 
comfort  is  carried  on  in  the  various,  but  inter-depending 
places  of  production,  mills  and  factories. 

D.  With  all  these  things  combined  the  constructive 
hand  of  labor  builds  the  houses  of  shelter  for  the  protec- 
tion of  life  and*matter  against  the  adversities  of  nature's 


28  ONE    BIG    UNION 

forces,,  and  harnesses  them  to  render  service  for  social 
good. 

LABOR  THE  SOLE  PRODUCER. 

To  all  of  the  making  and  development  of  these  social 
institutions  the  workers,  and  they  alone,  contribute  their 
intellect  and  their  manual  labor.  They  have  created  the 
instruments  to  produce  wealth  with,  and  improved  them 
as  time  rolled  by. 

These  institutions  are  organized  in  their  operative 
functions  to  yield  profits  for  a  few  who  never  did,  nor 
do,  contribute  to  their  making  and  maintenance,  except 
in  a  manner  to  protect  them  in  the  possession  of  things 
that  they  did  not  make. 

The  human  forces  rendering  these  instruments, 
agencies  and  implements  useful  to  all  society,  and  adding 
value  to  matter  and  forces  of  nature,  are  divorced  from 
their  creations  by  powerful  combinations  of  parasitic 
nature,  by  which  a  few  control  all  the  co-ordinate  stations 
of  industrial  life  through  the  means  that  they  have 
organized  and  subjected  to  their  rulership.  Against  these 
hostile  powers  the  workers  must  organize  their  own 
resources  and  their  own  collective  power,  in  organiza- 
tions embracing  all  useful  members  of  society  and  wealth 
producers. 

THE  MISSION  OF  THE  WORKING  CLASS. 

A  labor  organization  to  correctly  represent  the  work- 
ing class  must  have  two  things  in  view. 

First:  It  must  combine  the  wage-workers  in  such  a 
way  that  it  can  most  successfully  fight  the  battles  and 
protect  the  interests  of  the  workers  of  today  in  their 
struggles  for  fewer  hours  of  toil,  more  wages  and  better 
conditions. 

Secondly:  It  must  offer  a  final  solution  of  the  labor 
problem — an  emancipation  from  strikes,  injunctions,  bull- 
pens,  and  scabbing  of  one  against  the  ottfer. 


ONE    BIG    UNION  29 

Observe 

How  this  organization  will  give  recognition  to  control 
of  shop  affairs,  provide  perfect  industrial  unionism  and 
converge  the  strength  of.  all  organized  workers  to  a 
common  center,  from  which  any  weak  point  can  be 
strengthened  and  protected. 

Observe,  also, 

How  the  growth  and  development  of  this  organization 
will  build  within  itself  the  structure  of  an  industrial 
democracy,  which  must  finally  burst  the  shell  of  capitalist 
government  and  be  the  agency  by  which  the  workers  will 
operate  the  industries  and  appropriate  the  products  to 
themselves. 

One  obligation  for  all. 

A  union  man  once  and  in  one  industry ;  a  union  man 
always  and  in  all  industries.  Universal  transfers,  uni- 
versal emblem. 

All  workers  of  one  industry  in  one  union ;  all  unions 
of  workers  in  one  big  labor  alliance  the  world  over. 

Industrial  unionism  is  not  confined  to  one  country. 
The  best  expression  of  it  is  found  in  America,  in  the 
Industrial  Workers  of  the  World,  although  the  organ- 
ization may  appear  to  be  still  .weak,  numerically.  But 
the  conditions  for  the  advent  of  the  industrial  revo- 
lutionary union  are  most  promising,  because  the  most 
advanced  and  highly  developed  industrial  system  of 
production  is  bound  to  find  its  counterpart  in  a  similarly 
perfected  organization  of  the  working  class  on  the  in- 
dustrial field. 

As  presented  in  this  booklet,  these  institutions  for 
wealth  production,  so  well  organized,  so  masterfully 
constructed,  suggest  the  best  forms  of  industrial  organ- 
izations for  the  workers. 

Industries  are  organized  in  six  big  departments, 
which  are  composed  of  forty-three  subdivisions. 

This  arrangement  is  not  arbitrarily  fixed,  or  the  prod- 
uct of  one  man's  notion.    The  best  tabulations  of  statis- 


30  ONE    BIG    UNION 

tical  experts  of  different  countries  have  been  consulted, 
and  the  systematic  arrangement  will  stand  the  test  of 
scientific  investigation. 

Of  course,  it  has  been  stated,  and  is  herewith  reiter- 
ated that  this  arrangement  of  industrial  organization  of 
workers  would  also  assure  the  most  effective  solidarity  of 
all  producing  forces  in  their  defensive  and  aggressive 
struggles  for  the  amelioration  of  the  evils  they  suffer 
under,  evils  inherent  in  the  capitalist  system  of  distribu- 
tion of  the  commodities  created  by  labor. 

When  the  workers  organize  industrial  unions,  copied 
from  the  institutions  in  which  they  are  employed,  they 
will  be  able  to  stand  together  as  powerful  industrial  com- 
binations in  their  skirmishes  for  better  working  con- 
ditions in  any  one  industry.  Not  separated  by  craft 
divisions,  or  trade  union  contracts  with  the  exploiters, 
they  will  not  only  be  able  to  curtail  production  on  a  small 
scale  and  thus  also  the  profits  of  the  employers  of  labor, 
but  they  will  abruptly  stop  production  altogether,  if 
necessary,  in  any  one  industry,  or  in  all  industries  of  a 
locality,  or  of  a  nation,  or  they  can,  when  they  are  power- 
ful enough,  shut  the  factories  against  the  present  em- 
ployers and  commence  production  for  use. 

The  workers,  though,  must  tear  down,  as  a  first  duty 
to  themselves,  all  craft  demarcation  lines,  the  remnants 
of  a  by-gone  age.  Unhampered  by  that  drag-chain,  they 
can  then  develop  and  organize  their  industrial  power. 
But  that  power  must  be  guided  in  its  use  and  exercise  by 
the  collective  intelligence  which  will  develop  simulta- 
neously with  the  generation  of  power.  Equipped  with 
the  power  of  an  industrial  organization,  with  the  knowl- 
edge gained  in  the  every-day  struggles  against  the 
oppressors,  they  will  successfully  strive  for  a  higher 
standard  of#  life-conditions,  within  this  system,  and  they 
can  master  things  and  forces  so  that  they  will  reach  the 
final  goal  of  all  efforts — complete  industrial  emancipation. 

Hundreds  of  thousands  of  workers  in  every  civilized 
country  are  learning  to  understand  the  principles  of  in- 


OXE    BIG    UNION  3 1 

dustrial  unionism.  Thousands  are  organizing  for  the 
battle  of  today,  for  better  conditions,  and  for  the  final 
clash  in  the  future  when  the  general  lockout  of  the  para- 
site class  of^non-producers  will  end  the  contest  for  indus- 
trial possessions  and  political  supremacy. 

If  you  are  one  of  the  millions  needed  to  accomplish 
the  task,  join  the  industrial  union  composed  of  workers 
in  the  shop  or  plant  where  you  work.  If  none  exists,  be 
the  first  to  get  busy.  Get  others,  organize  them.  Learn 
to  tackle  the  industrial  problems.  Show  others  how  the 
workers  will  be  able  to  run  the  industrial  plants  through 
the  agencies  of  their  own  creation,  locally,  nationally, 
internationally,  the  world  over. 

There  are  organizations  everywhere,  and  where  there 
are  none,  they  will  be  formed.  In  the  industrial  union 
movement  alone  will  the  workers  forge  the  sword,  train 
themselves  for  the  use  of  all  and  every  weapon  that 
can  be  utilized  in  the  struggles  for  a  better  world.  In  the 
industrial  union  movement  the  workers  zvill  strictly 
adhere  to  the  great  axiom : 

"The  emancipation  of  the  workers  must  be  achieved 
by  the  working  class  itself, 

"Workers  of  the  World,  Unite !" 

Read  the  Manifesto,  issued  by  the  Industrial  Workers 
of  the  World.  Study  the  chart  described  in  this  pamphlet. 
Xeatly  printed  on  bond  paper,  ioc. 

For  information  regarding  the  Industrial  Workers 
of  the  World  referred  to  in  this  booklet,  write  to  Wm.  D. 
Haywood,  General  Secretary-Treasurer,  iooi  West 
Madison  Street,  Chicago,  111. 


INSTRUCTIONS  HOW  TO  ORGANIZE. 

To  secure  a  Charter*  of  the  Industrial  Workers  of  the  World,  get 
the  names  of  twenty  actual  wage  workers.  Those  who  make  a 
living  by  working  for  wages. 

All  who  sign  the  Charter'  Application  Blank  pledge  themselves 
to  be  in  accord  with  the  principles  of  the  I.  W.  W.,  as  outlined  in 
the  Preamble.  ^ 

The  Charter  fee  is  ten  dollars.  This  covers  the  cost  of  all  books 
and  supplies  needed  to  fully  equip  a  Union  of  twenty- five  members. 

Dues  paid  by  the  Union  to  the  General  Organization  are  fifteen 
cents  per  member  per  month. 

If  those  who  sign  the  Charter  Application  Blank  are  employed 
in  the  same  industry  they  will  be  chartered  as  an  Industrial  Union 
Branch,  with  jurisdiction  over  all  wage  workers  employed  in  that 
industry  in  that  locality.  If  the  signers  of  the  Charter  Applica- 
tion are  employed  in  two  or  more  industries,  they  will  be  char- 
tered as  a  Recruiting  Union.  Recruiting  Unions  are  temporary 
organizations,  formed  for  the  purpose  of  having  organizations  to 
carry  on  the  educational  work  necessary  for  the  formation  of  In- 
dustrial Unions. 

The  methods  used  in  getting  a  Union  started  depend  upon  the 
circumstances  in  the  locality  where  the  Union  is  to  be  formed. 
You  can  call  a  meeting,  advertising  the  same.  If  there  are  any 
among  you  who  are  able  to  explain  the  principles  of  the  I.  W.  W„ 
have  them  do  so  to  those  who  attend  the  meeting. 

After  the  explanation  has  been  made,  you  can  call  upon  all 
those  present,  who  are  in  accord  with  the  principles  of  the  Organ- 
ization, to  come  forward  and  sign  the  Charter  Application.  Or  you 
can  circulate  the  Charter  Application  among  those  with  whom  you 
come  in  contact,  and  explain  the  principles  of  the  Industrial  Work- 
ers of  the  World  to  them  individually.  If  they  desire  to  organize, 
have  them  sign  their  names  and  addresses  on  the  Charter  Applica- 
tion. 

When  you  have  twenty  names,  or  more,  you  can  notify  them 
to  attend  the  meeting,  form  a  temporary  organization  by  electing 
a  temporary  Secretary  and  Chairman.  Collect  the  Charter  fee 
from  those  who  sign  the  Application,  forward  the  same  to  this 
office,  with  the  Application.  The  Charter  and  supplies  will  be  sent 
to  you  at  once. 

In  forwarding  the  Charter  Application  be  sure  to  specify  in  what 
industry  those  who  sign  the  Blank  are  employed,  so  we  will  know 
how  to  make  out  the  Charter. 

Trusting  that  the  above  will  be  of  assistance  to  you  in  organ- 
izing your  fellow  workers,  I  am, 

Yours  for   Industrial   Freedom, 

WM.    D.   HAYWOOD, 
General   Secretary-Treasurer. 

INDUSTRIAL  WORKERS  OF  THE   WORLD, 

1001   West  Madison  Street, 

Chicago,    Illinois. 


its 


THE  NEW  UNIONISM  ■ 


By  Andre  "Fridon 


o#  the   philosophy   and   practice   of 
Syndicalism  present   status   all   over   the 

200  pages,  cloth  $1.10,  paper  30c. 


PAMPHLETS 

THE     I.     W.     W.,     ITS     HISTORY,     STRUCTURE     AND 

METHODS.      By    Vincent    St.    John.      The    title    of   this 

nphlet  explains  the  contents.     This  is  a  new,  revised 

Ion.     Now  32  pages  with  diagram.     Price  10c. 

THE  ADVANCING  PROLETARIAT.  E.  Wood- 

ie   working 
m   wage  slavery  to  freedom.      Price   10c. 
ELEVEN    BLIND    LEADERS.      By    B.    H.    Williams.      A 
lists"     on     the     subjects:     "Co- 
.  nment    Ownership,"     ''Labor    Legis- 
.olutionary      Industrial      Unionism." 
■ 
Til;  A BORER   AND   THE   CIT\r  WORKER,   A 

Both.        By      Edward      McDonald, 
is     unequaled     for     distribution     among 

■   most   important  of  the  basic  industries 
ulture    industry.       16     pages,     illustrated    with 
toons  dealing  with   conditions  on  the  job.     Price   5c. 
THE  REVOLUTIONARY  I.  W.  W.     By  Grover  H.   ! 

ear  and  forcible  exposition  of  the  new  unionism   in 

plain  language.      24   pages.     Price   5c. 

ONE   BIG   UNION  IN  THE   TEXTILE  INDUSTRY.      By 

Ewald    Koettgen.      Written    by    a    practical    worker    in 

that     industry.       Shows     development     of     the     machine 

•liminating   craft   divisions,   and  making  neces- 

y    One    Big   Union.      Explains   some    of   the    methods 

illy    used    in    fighting    the    boss    for    better    con- 

.  ges.     Prici 


BOOKLETS 
INDUSTRIAL'  UNIONISM  AND  THE  I.  W.  W.      By  Vin- 
John.      A   fine    piece    of   propaganda   literature 
for  stribution.      16  pages.     Price  2c.     $1.00  per 

hindred  to  Locals. 
HOW    TO    OVERCOME    THE    HIGH    COST    OF   LIVING. 
Dougherty.      By    means    of    "The    One    B*g 
Union"    of   the   workers  using  direct   action   on   the  job, 
against   the  palliatives   of  the   reformers.      16   pages, 
ce   2  c. 


I.  W.  W.  PUBLISHING  BUREAU         B 

1001  W.  Madison  St.  CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS  g 

liSIIIIIiill 


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■  INDUSTRIAL  UNION  LEAFLETS  ■ 


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W*9S " 


■S&^rj^jskeap,  but  effective^  n^^d*  of  agitating  in  ££=! 

'.==•'  snoj  p  doors.  -Order  enough  of  one  |||j 

===a    kind   to   cover   a   factory   and   repeat   the    dose  E 

==s    with  another  leaflet  at  least  one.-  a  month.    Re-  | 
ESS    sult^^ill  follow      Ready  to  ship. 

"Is  the  I.  W.j$£.  Anti-Political?" 
"Political  Parties  and  the  V." 

HI         "Two  Kinds  of  Unionism"  HP 

he  Eight-Hour  Workxk 
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"War  And  The  Workers" 

||l         ^Utjfcjjr  Leaflets    Sent    Prepaid    Up 
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jj  25c  per  100         $1.50  per  1,000  B. 

Up    Leaflets  in  various  languages  at  similar  prices.  ||§: 
pi   Write  to  the  I.  W.  W.  Publishing  Bureau. 

I  lI^wT^ONcTbOOK  | 

s=  :^f     Tenth  Edition  === 

555  64   songs    of   tne   workers    on   the   road,   in   the  E=E 

S~5  jungles,  on  the  job.    To  Fan  the  Flames  of  Dis-  5== 
E55                 content.     10c  each.    $5.00  for  100. 


I.  W.  W.  PUBLISHING  BUREAU 

■illiiilliiilli 


rch 


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